STONES
Cols
Summary
Stones covers quarried dimension stone and engineered quartz: granite, limestone, marble, slate, travertine, and quartz, plus the general Stone note. Members differ by geology, hardness and absorption, finish, typical quarry regions, and the ASTM specification that governs each type.
Related
Types
- Bedrock
Solid rock beneath loose surface material, the strongest foundation bearing stratum when found at reachable depth. - Cast Stone
Precast concrete made to imitate natural stone, used for trim, sills, copings, and facing. - Crushed Stone
Mechanically crushed and graded rock, used as aggregate base, drainage stone, concrete and asphalt aggregate, and fill. - Granite
Hard, coarse-grained igneous rock of feldspar and quartz quarried as dimension stone for cladding, paving, countertops, and monuments. - Limestone
Sedimentary rock of calcite quarried as dimension stone for facades, trim, and carved work, ranging from soft, porous types to dense building grades. - Marble
Metamorphic rock of calcite or dolomite that takes a polish, quarried as dimension stone for cladding, flooring, and decorative surfaces. - Quartz
Silica mineral (SiO2) and the engineered quartz surfaces made by bonding crushed quartz and other stone with resin. - Slate
Fine-grained metamorphic rock that splits into thin sheets, quarried for roofing, flooring, stair treads, cladding, and benchtops. - Travertine
Banded, porous calcium carbonate stone deposited by springs, cut as dimension stone for flooring, paving, cladding, and decorative interiors.
Code reference
Always verify the adopted code edition and local amendments for the project jurisdiction.
Governing editions
| Code or regulation | Edition cited |
|---|---|
| International Building Code (IBC) | 2024 |
Stone veneer and cladding
- IBC 2024, Table 1404.2: minimum thickness of weather coverings, including 2.0 in. for anchored natural stone and 0.25 in. for adhered masonry veneer (Granite, Limestone, Marble, Slate, Travertine)
- IBC 2024, Section 1404.8: stone veneer ties for every 2 sq ft, with ties at 12 in. maximum on center both ways (Granite, Limestone, Marble, Travertine)
- IBC 2024, Section 2103.1: stone masonry units and architectural cast stone provisions are in the Code reference of MINERALS
Sources
- UpCodes: 2024 IBC Chapter 14 exterior walls (Department of Defense adoption), https://up.codes/viewer/department-of-defense/ibc-2024/chapter/14/exterior-walls
- USGS: Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026, stone (dimension), https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2026/mcs2026-stone-dimension.pdf
- Natural Stone Institute: ASTM standards for stone, https://www.naturalstoneinstitute.org/stoneprofessionals/astm/